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We are interested in how the brain regulates reproduction and growth in fish and metamorphosis in frogs.   Sex hormones and thyroid hormones are both key regulators of brain function and development.  Several research projects examine their action both as endogenous regulators of gene transcription and ultimately production of hormones and neurotransmitters in the hypothalamic-pituitary axis. Recently, we have become interested in a third family of liganded transcription factors, the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors.  As well, chemicals and environmental pollutants can upset these hormonal systems by interacting with the specific nuclear receptors.  This process is referred to as endocrine disruption, which is an important area of investigation The principal animal models used are the goldfish (Carassius auratus), the leopard frog (Rana pipiens), and the tropical frog (Xenopus tropicalis). We also use zebrafish and fathead minnows as required by the experimental circumstances or sceintific question. Most recently we have embarked on a major effort to develop a goldfish  brain cDNA microarray to study gene expression regulated by sex hormones, neurotransmitters and endocrine disrupting chemicals. The frogs are mainly used to determine the effects of pollutants and toxic metals on the process of metamorphosis.  The experimental techniques range from classical physiological approaches to molecular biology and cell transfection assays. To accomplish our research, we actively seek collaborators, both locally and internationally, and we acknowledge their important contributions with appreciation. The research projects of graduate and undergraduate students and research personnel that drive and maintain this research program can be seen on this website. If you are interested in joining Team.ENDO, please contact Vance Trudeau